Quote from Der Standard

※ This article discusses an article by Der Standard, an Austrian newspaper, from January 2017.

In January 2017, Der Standard published a booklet "Reif für die Inseln" (engl. "Ready for the island"). I will do my best to translate the German text to English and want to reflect on one interview specifically. This interview was given by Megumi Ito moderated by Michael Hausenblas and is also accessible online on derstandard.at:

Was können Österreicher von Japanern lernen? Warum begegnen Japaner Alltagsobjekten mit mehr Wertschätzung?

Was können Österreicher von Japanern lernen? Warum begegnen Japaner Alltagsobjekten mit mehr Wertschätzung? Wie anstrengend ist die japanische Höflichkeit? Dies und noch mehr fragten wir die Designerin Megumi Ito, die seit 25 Jahren in Wien lebt, anlässlich eines Japanschwerpunktes im RONDO.

STANDARD: Wenn Ihre letzte Mahlzeit, also sozusagen Ihre Henkersmahlzeit, eine japanische sein sollte – was würden Sie bestellen?
Megumi Ito: Eine schön geformte Schale, gefüllt mit Reis und Umeboshi, das sind in Salz eingelegte Früchte ähnlich der Pflaume, dazu grünen Tee und schwarzen Pfeffer.
STANDARD: Und wenn das letzte Mahl eine österreichische Speise sein sollte?
Ito: Gansl mit Rotkraut, Kartoffeln, Preiselbeeren und irgendein Dessert mit Mohn – auch wunderbar.
STANDARD: Wie ehrlich ist die berühmte japanische Höflichkeit?
Ito: Meistens ist sie ehrlich, sie ist aber auch anstrengend. Es gibt im Japanischen verschiedene Arten, Wiederholungen und Stufen der Höflichkeit zwischen Begrüßung, Konversation und Verabschiedung. Das ist in Österreich viel unkomplizierter. Hier sagt man, "Danke und auf Wiedersehen", das war’s. Wir sind sensibler.
STANDARD: Woher stammt diese Höflichkeit?
Ito: Ich glaube, das hat mit der hohen Bevölkerungsdichte zu tun. Menschen haben durch sie gelernt, sensibler und höflicher zu sein, Takt zu entwickeln. Es hat auch mit Religion zu tun, mit dem Shintoismus.
STANDARD: Die katholische Kirche ist also unsensibler und härter als der Shintoismus?
Ito: Nicht härter, anders. Wir haben unglaublich viele Götter, vergöttern die Natur. Es gibt Götter an jeder Ecke: die Luft, das Wasser, die Erde. Deshalb müssen wir im Alltag besser aufpassen. Und was dazukommt: Wir müssen nicht einen Gott mit vielen teilen. Das macht uns ebenfalls sensibler.
STANDARD: Was fehlt Ihnen am meisten an Japan?
Ito: Viele regionale und saisonale Arten von Gemüse, Obst und Pilzen. Vor allem gehen mir die vielen Bittergemüse ab. Hierzulande ist der Spargel schon ein Highlight. Und natürlich vermisse ich auch die warme, offene Art der Menschen.
STANDARD: Was vermissen Sie am wenigsten?
Ito: Die Hektik, den Umstand, dass sich die Leute wenig Zeit nehmen. In Japan wird man ständig mit Informationen bombardiert. Das beginnt schon mit den Schildern auf der Straße. Die Supermärkte sind rund um die Uhr geöffnet. Man kommt einfach nicht zur Ruhe.
STANDARD: Das heißt, an Österreich schätzen Sie, dass es gemütlicher zugeht?
Ito: Ja, ich mag die Gelassenheit, die Großzügigkeit und die Flexibilität. Ich denke, das liegt an der Geschichte des Landes.
STANDARD: Das müssen Sie jetzt aber bitte erklären.
Ito: Es liegt daran, dass Österreich einst so ein unglaublich großes und mächtiges Land war. Da ist noch immer ein Stück weit diese K.-u.-k.-Mentalität zu spüren. Durch sie lehnen sich die Menschen weiter zurück als andere.
STANDARD: Was geht Ihnen hierzulande auf die Nerven?
Ito: Die unsensible Art, mit Gegenständen umzugehen. Ein Beispiel: Wir stellen eine Tasse Tee behutsam mit zwei Händen auf den Tisch. Der Österreicher knallt sie wie einen Bierkrug auf den Tisch, um es etwas übertrieben auszudrücken. Das hat mich schon in meiner Anfangszeit hier sehr verwundert. Wir haben mehr Respekt gegenüber Objekten.
STANDARD: Auch Verpackung hat in Japan einen viel höheren Stellenwert als in Europa. Warum?
Ito: Wir haben eine sehr alte Papierkultur. Auch wenn wir nur eine winzige Kleinigkeit verschenken, verpacken wir sie liebevoll, und seien es nur ein paar Karotten aus dem Garten, die wir dem Nachbarn rüberbringen. Es handelt sich um eine Wertschätzung gegenüber dem Beschenkten, aber auch gegenüber dem Objekt.
STANDARD: Was kann ein Japaner von einem Österreicher lernen?
Ito: Individualität, Flexibilität und schnelle Entscheidungen zu treffen. Wir sind oft viel zu umsichtig. Weiters nützen die Österreicher ihre Freizeit besser. Viele gehen um 17.00 Uhr aus dem Büro, treiben Sport oder sitzen einfach am Wasser. Die Japaner sind den ganzen Sonntag müde von den Anstrengungen der Woche. Viele Japaner arbeiten von acht oder neun Uhr morgens bis neun oder zehn am Abend.
STANDARD: Was kann sich ein Österreicher von einem Japaner abschauen?
Ito: Sensibilität, Genauigkeit, Esskultur und natürliche Heilungsmethoden, mit denen wir schon im Kindesalter umzugehen lernen. Ferner kann er sich abschauen, weniger Zucker zu konsumieren und sich massieren zu lassen. Ach, und noch etwas: ein Bad zu nehmen, bevor man ins Bett geht.
STANDARD: Sie leben in der Wiener Innenstadt, wo es viele japanische Touristen gibt. Was denken Sie sich, wenn Sie an einem solchen Schwarm vorbeikommen?
Ito: Ich genieße es, schleiche mich an, lausche und freu mich, weil ich alles verstehen kann und heraushöre, woher sie stammen.
STANDARD: Sie haben in Wien seinerzeit begonnen, Lampenschirme aus Kimonostoffen zu designen. Wie haben Ihre Landsleute auf diese Arbeiten reagiert? Ist das nicht ehrenrührig?
Ito:* Gar nicht. Ein Kimono besteht aus einem Teil Stoff und wird nicht aus verschiedenen zusammengenäht. Wenn ein Kimono nicht mehr als solcher verwendet wird, macht man verschiedene Dinge daraus: Untersetzer, Tischtücher etc. Das ist in Japan eine Form der Nachhaltigkeit, die es schon sehr lang gibt.
STANDARD: Sie sind vor allem für Ihre Lichtobjekte bekannt. Japan wird auch "Land der aufgehenden Sonne genannt". Haben Ihre Landsleute ein anderes Verhältnis zum Licht?
Ito: Ja, ich habe das Gefühl, dass wir das Licht der Dämmerung mehr genießen, als dies Europäer tun. Die Lichtfarben dieser Stunden haben es uns angetan, und wir sehen sie als Belohnung für den Stress des Alltags. Es gibt in Japan keine Sommerzeitumstellung, also weniger Abendlicht.
STANDARD: Möchten Sie in Wien bleiben oder eines Tages wieder nach Japan zurückkehren?
Ito: Ich würde gern noch eine Zeitlang in Paris leben. Nach Japan gehe ich dann im Alter zurück.
STANDARD: Soll Ihr letztes Stündlein also in Japan schlagen?
Ito: Ja, im wunderschönen Kamakura, woher ich stamme. Dort gibt es viele Tempel und Schreine – und das Meer.
(Michael Hausenblas, RONDO, 28.1.2017)



































And here comes the English translation:

What can Austrians learn from Japanese people? Why do Japanese people interact more carefully with daily objects?

What can Austrians learn from Japanese people? Why do Japanese people interact more carefully with daily objects? How cumbersome is Japanese politeness? We asked these and other questions designer Megumi Ito, living in Vienna for 25 years, on the occasion of the Japan focus of this Japan booklet.

STANDARD: If your last meal is a Japanese one - what would you order?
Megumi Ito: A beautifully shaped bowl, filled with rice and umeboshi, these are fruits similar to plums pickled in salt, accompanied by green tea and black pepper.
STANDARD: And if your last meal is an Austrian one?
Ito: Goose with red cabbage, potatoes, cranberry and some dessert with poppy seed - wonderful as well.
STANDARD: How honest is the famous Japanese politeness?
Ito: Mostly, it is honest, but it is also cumbersome. In Japanese, there are various forms, repetitions and levels of politeness between greeting, conversation and goodbye. This is much easier in Austria. Here, people say "Thanks and bye", that’s it. We are more sensitive.
STANDARD: Where does this politeness come from?
Ito: I think this is related to the high population density. This way people have learnt to be more sensitive and polite; be aligned with other people’s life. But it is also related to religion; shintoism.
STANDARD: Therefore the Catholic church is more insensitive and strict than Shintoism?
Ito: Not more strict, but different. We have so many gods, we idolize the nature. There are gods on every corner: the air, the water, the soil. That’s why we need to take better care in our daily lives. And additionally: We don’t have to share one god with many. This also makes us more sensitive.
STANDARD: Do you miss most about Japan?
Ito: Many regional and seasonal kinds of vegetables, fruits and mushrooms. Especially the many kinds of bitter vegetables. In this area, asparagus is already a highlight. And of course, I miss the warm, open personality of the people.
STANDARD: What do you miss the least?
Ito: Well, I like the calmness, the courtesy and the flexibility. I think, that is based on the history of the country.
STANDARD: Please elaborate.
Ito: It originates in the fact, that Austria used to be an incredible large and powerful country. You can still feel a little bit of the k.u.k. mentality. By this, people tend to relax more than others.
STANDARD: What annoys you in this country?
Ito: The insensitive style to interact with objects. One example: We put a cup of tea carefully on the table with two hands. The Austrian smashes it to the table like a beer mug; to exaggerate a little bit. This irritated me since the very beginning of my time in Austria. We have more respect for objects.
STANDARD: Also packaging has much more value in Japan than in Europe. Why?
Ito: We have a very old paper culture. Even if we gift tiny things, we package them affectionately. Even if they are just some carrots we gift to our neighbor. It is some kind of appreciation of the gifted, but also of the gift itself.
STANDARD: What can a Japanese person learn from an Austrian?
Ito: Individuality, flexibility and making decisions fast. We sometimes look into too many directions. Austrians also use their leisure time better. Many leave the office at 17:00, do sports or just sit next to rivers and lakes. The Japanese people are tired the whole sunday from the endeavors of the week. Many Japanese work from eight or nine o’clock in the morning until nine or ten at night.
STANDARD: What can Austrian learn from a Japanese?
Ito: Sensibility, precision, eating habits and natural health techniques, which Japanese learn beginning from childhood. Furthermore, they can learn to eat less sugar and take a massage. And another thing: Taking a bath, before they go to bed.
STANDARD: You live in Vienna’s downtown, where many Japanese tourists come across. What do you think when you see such a group?
Ito: I enjoy it, I sneak up, listen and enjoy, that I can understand everything and can recognize where they come from.
STANDARD: Back then, you began to design lamp shades made of kimono fabrics. How did your country’s people react? It this scurrilous?
Ito: Not at all. A kimono is made of a single sheet of fabrics and is not stoated. If a kimono is not usable such as anymore, various things can be made out of it: trivets, tablecloth etc. This is some kind of sustainability in Japan, which exists for a very long time.
STANDARD: You are especially famous for your light objects. Japan is also known as the "country of the rising sun". Do you country’s people have a different relationship to light?
Ito: Yes, I feel like we enjoy the dusk more than Europeans. We love the light colors of these hours and consider it as a reward for the day’s hard work. In Japan, we don’t have Daylight Saving Times and therefore less light in the evenings.
STANDARD: Do you want to stay in Vienna or do you want to, some day, return to Japan?
Ito: I would like to live some time in Paris. When I get old, I want to return to Japan.
STANDARD: So you want to spend your final hours in Japan?
Ito: Yes, in beautiful Kamakura, where I come from. There are many temples and shrines - and the sea.
(Michael Hausenblas, RONDO, 28.1.2017)

































I want to point it out, because it was an intriguing interview for me. I recognized some of the patterns she mentioned. And she made several points, I began to pay attention to to make up my own mind. So I want to reflect on them now.

The discussion regarding "honest politeness" is, in my opinion, ambiguous. What does honest mean? Are Austrians honest, because they smash tea like beer mugs and show that they don’t care about it? Are American waiters honest, because they truely want to raise their tip they rely on? Japanese people are raised with a very distinctive sense of politeness from a young age. They try hard to treat you nicely. If they don’t feel like they want to be nice to you, they will still use the corresponding politeness levels in their language and actions, because they are used to the paradigms and conventions. Maybe this is what some people call dishonest, but the same holds for an Austrian waiter. They will still treat you with the same procedures like other guests even though their partner just texted them that they will break up with them (to mention some situation of emotional distress). So in my opinion, the discussion is about routines and procedures. And not so much about conventions and culture. You would determine honesty much better in uncommon situations where no routine is given.

I got a strong opinion towards politeness. Japanese politeness in the language is incredibly crazy. I don’t enjoy German’s distinction between "du" (casual) and "Sie" (polite), but Japanese takes it to a whole new level. As a customer, they will use some different verbs for you to raise your status (called Keigo). This makes it awkwardly difficult to understand them if you already know some basic Japanese. This actually excludes certain groups from interacting. I claim that this situation is much more impolite than the significance of politeness words. Therefore I generally only consider politeness on a level of actions, not on a linguistical level. Don’t forget that linguistic politeness can be culturally misunderstood. You might consider it as a polite expression, whereas people with a different cultural background will see it as offense.

In terms of warm and open personality, I was kind of curious. I think both cultures are warm and open in some way. We have certain ways to express affections, but these are very different from Japanese ones. For example, for Japanese people it is always strange, if I kiss my girlfriend in public. However, as a European, I think it is strange, if someone falls asleep on the train and puts his head on his neighbor’s shoulder. That is very intimate for us. So I think there is a big cultural difference, but Japanese as well as Austrians can be warm and open-minded. I totally enjoyed this part about my time in Japan.

Austrians are certainly more flexible and calm. If a new situation occurs, Austrians come to new conclusions very fast and try to make suggestions whereas Japanese people still think about the politeness form to pick in this situation (sorry, I had to make this exaggeration here). Austrians avoid to make too much noise in public places and no loudspeaker sounds tune through the residential blocks. There are many places where you can enjoy the sounds of the nature in Austria. In Japan, this situation is often accompanied by advertisments and notifications.

I consider the environmental issues related to Japanese packaging approach as a serious threat to the environment. Japanese people use so much plastics and I don’t see any kind of improvement. Austrian people are much more aware of possible consequences in this regards. I think the European Union helped a lot to raise awareness and establish certain protocols.

Leisure time and work time is certainly different. This interview actually hides the actual causes of issues. Yes, Austrians work less and enjoy more leisure time. For Japanese people, it is the opposite. But what are causes? Can we simply ask Japanese people to take more holidays?
The difference is: Austrians don’t like their work very much. They don’t identify themselves with the work, they do. They try to avoid it and get it done quickly. At least, this is something I perceived. Japanese people in general like their work, but they have hundreds of conventions making business environments a difficult place to survive. For example, one awkward behavior is that we go together towards the appointment and the Japanese people start to run the last few meters, when seniors can see us. Why? Because they want to make seniors to feel like they have been running all the time and putting some effort into coming quickly to the place. These sort of things illustrate how different they perceive time and work. Austrians are masters in quickly sitting down, relaxing during a chat and proceeding with work. They are good at relaxing and are therefore not so tired so often.

On the other hand, this hard-working attitude leads to dedication and precision. Japanese people want to submit perfect work, before they finish. For Austrians, an economical consideration is always implied and action stops, when it becomes to cumbersome. So Austrians work more efficient, but Japanese people often master precision and detail.

Yes, there are a lot of differences and I think you can master them, if you really care about it. But Japanese culture is more different from other cultures, than any other one, I think.